The Holden Astra is a compact auto that has been advertised by Holden, the Australian subsidiary of General Motors. Spanning five decades, the authentic, Australia-only Astra of 1984 became a derivative of the locally-produced Nissan Pulsar, because was the 1987 Astra. It was succeeded by the Holden Nova inside 1989—another special with Australia model line. From 1995, the Holden Astra name was selected inside New Zealand, for a badge designed adaptation of the Opel Astra, that had been available nearby because an Opel because 1993. The following year, Holden discontinued the Nova line inside Australia inside favour of the Opel-based Holden Astra. This approach stayed inside area for the 4th plus fifth decades, established inside 1998 plus 2004, respectively. Holden discontinued the Astra inside August 2009 plus changed it with all the Cruze, introduced 2 months before.
The authentic Holden Astra, introduced inside August 1984 because the LB series became a badge designed Nissan Pulsar. The Pulsar, a Japanese crafted model, available alongside the specific with Australia Astra line-up. The Pulsar for Australia was essembled inside Clayton, Victoria; but, for the Astra the body panels were pushed at Holden's Elizabeth, South Australia center. Unlike its Nissan counterpart, the Astra was just available because a five-door hatchback, with all the three-door hatchback plus four-door sedan body designs omitted within the range due with worries they might overlap with Nissan's own Pulsar range. But, Holden's continuation of the Gemini sedan range was the closest similar of the inside the range.


1984–1986 Holden LB Astra SL/E
The just engine accessible had been a Nissan-designed 1.5 litre engine, nearby produced, this engine yielded 52 kilowatts plus 115 newton metres of torque. Transmission choices were a five-speed guide or perhaps a three-speed automatic.
Compared with the N12 Pulsar, the Astra LB sported a distinctive grille, the function of Australian stylist Paul Beranger housing the Holden lion insignia inside the centre, Additionally special were Astra-only tail lights, badging plus decals.
A revised LC model was introduced inside April 1986. Unleaded-fuel needs uprated the engine displacement with 1.6 litres, force by 0.6 kilowatts plus torque with 124 newton metres. Model plus trim changes were moreover a piece of the update, including a brand-new grille insert, as well as the addition of a SL model placed under the SL/X plus SL/E degrees.
The Used Car Safety Ratings, published inside 2008 by Monash University, found which initial generation Astras give a "greatly worse than average" amount of resident protection security inside the event of a accident.

For the 2nd generation LD Astra, the Nissan Pulsar was again selected because the basis, this time utilizing the newest N13 series. Unlike before, the LD was the outcome of the right joint venture development programme. That is, Nissan offered the bodywork plus Holden provided powertrains for fitment inside both applications. Launched concurrently inside July 1987, both the LD Astra plus N13 Pulsar were available inside four-door sedan plus five-door hatchback body designs. Outside of Australia though, three-door hatchback plus station wagon body variants of the Nissan were moreover accessible.
Both 1.6; 135 newton metres) plus 1.8 litre; 151 newton metres) displacements of Holden's Family II engine were available inside the Astra-Pulsar models. Badged because "1.6-" plus "1.8 injection", respectively, the expression injection denoted the utilisation of gas injection. In July 1989, all associations with Nissan were severed along with a brand-new agreement between Toyota was created. This relationship, termed as the United Australian Automobile Industries became a continuation of the Austraian Government's Button Plan which began with Nissan. Nissan continued with employ the Holden motors till 1991 before changing their N13 Pulsar line with all the N14, when simultaneously entering a modern model sharing alliance with Ford.
The Used Car Safety Ratings evaluation from 2008 found which LD series Astras give a "worse than average" amount of resident security inside the event of a accident.

Of the 3 trim requirements available, the SLX plus SLE nameplates no longer showcased the "/" signal, because inside SL/X. Besides this anomaly, the LD range mirrored which of the LC Astra:
SL: entry-level variant, accessible just because five-door hatchback, featuring the five-speed guide transmission plus 1.6 litre engine combination. The brake setup for the LD series Astra in almost any specification had been a disc/drum setup, while the equal Australian Pulsars had four-wheel disk brakes because standard.
SLX: was the next tier variant fitted with all the 1.8 litre engine inside combined with either a five-speed guide or three-speed automatic transmission. The SLX moreover showcased full plastic wheel trims, because opposed with the steel centre hubcap fitted with the SL.
SLE: was the greatest deluxe level about provide was the greatest specification available, accessible just because an automatic 1.8 litre. The SLE was similar with Pulsar's GXE specification.
HSV Astra SV1800: became a Holden Special Vehicles tuned adaptation of the LD Astra. Introduced inside September 1988, almost all of the 65 or thus examples employed the sedan body design. Upgrades within the standard Astra were limited with aesthetic plus suspension changes, with both "Stage 1" plus "Stage 2" suspension setups available.

In 1995, Holden started marketing the Astra again inside the New Zealand marketplace because a four-door sedan plus five-door hatchback. Imported from Vauxhall's Ellesmere Port plant inside Cheshire, England, this third-generation Astra model recognised as the TR series, was produced within the Opel Astra F inside Germany; Opel being another General Motors subsidiary. But, this was only a rebadging of the existing Opel model that has been advertised inside New Zealand because 1993 because the Opel Astra.
Holden inside Australia didn't recommence the marketing of Astras till September 1996, following the dissolution of Australian Government Button vehicle program. This lead to the collapse of UAAI, the Holden-Toyota alliance, plus because happen Holden opted with return with advertising rebadged General Motors cars. Between 1989 plus 1996, the Astra's part was satisfied by the Nova, Holden's variation of Toyota's Corolla. During this period of badge technology inside Australia, General Motors New Zealand had utilized Opel because 1 of its principal marques alongside Holden plus Isuzu. Because the Button program or nearby similar not existed inside New Zealand, the 2 initial decades of Holden Astra were therefore not obtainable in which marketplace.
Like the 2 past decades, TR Astras were evaluated inside the 2008 Used Car Safety Ratings, plus shown with supply an "average" amount of security.

City: was the introductory model featuring a driver's airbag, central locking, plus energy steering. The engine plus transmission combination consisted of the 1.6 litre engine; 135 newton metres) with a five-speed guide.
GL: editions were fitted with front fog lights, electrical side mirrors along with a tachometer over the City, and showcased a 1.8 litre engine; 165 newton metres) with all the way of either guide or automatic transmission.
GSi: was the stylish hatchback-only entrant, featuring double airbags, alloy wheels, sports inside trim plus suspension, and a 2.0 litre engine; 188 newton metres) combined with a five-speed guide.

In September 1998, the Astra was changed again with a German Opel-engineered, Belgium-built variation. Known because the TS Astra, it was loaded with either a 90-kilowatt 1.8- or perhaps a 2.2-litre petrol engine plus was available inside City, CD, CDXi, the SXi plus SRi requirements. The SRi was three-door hatchback just, as well as the standard Astra was just accessible with a 1.8-litre litre 16-valve engine. The TS Astra was synonymous with the Chevrolet Astra of the South American marketplace, though just the latter received the sharper facelift — the European plus Australian versions retained the softer curves of the authentic body. Models with a 5-stud wheel pattern have the ABS choice factory-installed.
The TS Astra model change followed which of the Opel Astra G range, including the sedan, hatchback plus convertible. But, the Coupé by Bertone wasn't available with a Holden badge. The drivetrain was identical with additional vehicles inside the Astra lineup, plus as a result, wasn't a bona-fide sports automobile. Like the Astra A, the Astra B was accessible because a wagon inside New Zealand, however, not Australia. In 2003, a 147-kilowatt 2.0-litre Turbo engine became accessible. The standard Astra was just accessible with a 1.8-litre 16-valve engine, plus lived about till 2005 because the Holden Astra Classic, alongside the modern model. The strategy behind this was for Holden with stay competitive inside the marketplace till the cheaper Viva model was introduced.
In accordance with the Monash University's 2008 update with the Used Car Safety Ratings, TS Astra models were rated "much better than average" inside the field of crash protection security.

Power windows or electrical windows and electrical or energy window lifts are vehicle windows that is raised plus lowered by depressing a switch or change, because opposed with utilizing a hand-turned crank handle.

Packard introduced the initially energy windows inside the 1940 Packard 180 series. This became a hydro-electric program. In 1941, the Ford Motor Company followed with all the initially energy windows found on the Lincoln Custom. Cadillac had a straight-electric divider window about their series 75 limousines instantly before World War II.
Power aids originated inside the requirement plus want with move convertible body-style tops up plus down by several signifies alternative than human effort. The earliest energy aids were vacuum-operated plus were available about Chrysler Corporation cars, very the low-cost Plymouth convertibles inside the late 1930s.
Shortly before World War II, General Motors developed a central hydraulic pump for functioning convertible tops. This program was introduced about 1942 convertibles built by GM. Previously, GM had selected a vacuum program that didn't have the force with handle increasingly heavier plus complex convertible top mechanisms.
Chief Engineer of the Buick Division, Charles A. Chayne, "...had introduced an electrically controlled hydraulic program into the 1946 Buick convertibles which offered fingertip surgery of the best, door windows, plus front seat adjustment". These systems were based about main hydraulic advances prepared inside military weapons inside planning for World War II.
The "Hydro-Lectric" program was standard about 1947 model year. The seat plus window aid program became accessible about GM shut vehicles. The full program was standard just found on the high-end GM convertibles created by Oldsmobile, Buick, plus Cadillac. It was just accessible because a package; which is, force assisted windows, front seat, plus convertible top. This feature is diagnosed inside 1948 plus later General Motors model numbers with an "X" at the finish, like the 1951 Cadillac Sixty Special sedan, model 6019X. The electrically operated hydraulic pump program was shared by Hudson plus Packard for their 1948 from 1950 models. The driver's door contained 4 buttons inside addition with the remaining individual windows.
Ford furthermore had a synonymous electro-hydraulic program about higher-end convertibles Mercury plus Ford Sportsman convertibles were loaded with force windows about 4 windows from 1946 from 1948. by 1951. These systems were chosen by additional deluxe auto models till Chrysler introduced the all-electric procedure found on the 1951 Imperial. The accessibility of energy windows improved with all the utilize of tiny, high-torque electrical motors. General Motors equally followed with full electrical procedure inside 1954. This included four-way plus then six-way seats, that were introduced inside 1956. Chevrolet introduced the oddity of energy front windows inside the 1954 model. Ford additionally introduced full four-door energy windows inside sedans inside 1954. The full-sized 1955 Nash "Airflyte" models showcased optional energy windows.
Electrically-operated vent windows were accessible because early because 1956 found on the Continental Mark II. The 1960s Cadillac Fleetwood came standard with energy front plus back vent windows, inside addition with standard force side windows, for a total of 8 force window controls found on the driver's door panel.
Modern heavy-duty highway tractors frequently have an alternative for force window controls; nevertheless, these are what exactly is called "straight air". That is, the compressed air program employed for air brakes is equally selected for the windows. These pickups have lengthy utilized compressed air cylinders for seat height change. In a synonymous fashion with the electro-hydraulic program, the compressed air is only introduced with lower the window and/or seat. The compressed air is then accepted with the respective cylinder with raise the window or seat.
In a typical auto/light truck installation, there is an individual switch at every window along with a set of switches inside the driver's door or a-frame pillar, thus the driver will work all windows. These switches took on different appearances, from thick chrome plate with inexpensive plastic.
But, several models like Saab, Volvo, plus Holden have chosen switches found inside the center system, where they are accessible with all of the occupants. In this case, the door-mounted switches is omitted.

The fifth generation AH Astra, based found on the Delta-platformed Opel Astra H came inside November 2004 because a five-door hatchback just, produced inside Belgium, marketing alongside a today Polish-built Astra TS sedan, hatchback plus convertible . The sedan plus hatchback TS Astra models carried "Astra Classic" badges, nevertheless were finally dropped inside late 2005, changed by the Holden Viva, a rebadged Daewoo Lacetti. Between 2003 plus 2004, the Lacetti was advertised inside Australia because a Daewoo before Holden withdrew the brand from Australia due with unsustainable sales.
Like the past generation, the AH series was found with offers a "much better than average" amount of protection based on the 2008 Used Car Safety Ratings. At launch, AH Astras came with front- plus side-impact airbags because standard inclusions, permitting the Astra with get the four-star ANCAP crash protection rating. Higher-specified models were capable with achieve the full five-stars due with the addition of standard protection equipment.
Holden suspended importation of the Astra about 20 April 2009, citing currency fluctuations plus commodity cost issues. Holden's import cessation, that lead to no Astras arriving throughout June plus July 2009, coincided with all the introduction of the Holden Cruze, reported with function as the direct substitution for the Holden Viva. On 31 August 2009, Holden confirmed which the cessation of Astra imports can stay of the lasting basis, without intention of further imports of either the then present AH series or the upcoming generation auto. Holden reported their little vehicle efforts will be focused found on the Cruze.

MY05: the AH range extended inside August 2005 with all the launch of the Astra station wagon.
MY06.5: revisions from June 2006 added head-protecting side curtain airbags because standard equipment for the CDX. Additionally introduced was the turbodiesel hatchback, badged CDTi. Two versions of the diesel were offered: a 1.9 litre adaptation with 110 kilowatts teamed with a six-speed guide transmission, along with a six-speed automatic model with an 88-kilowatt adaptation of the same engine. This became a initial for the Astra inside Australia, yet not New Zealand where the Astra TS had earlier been available with a 1.7 litre turbodiesel.
MY07: models appeared inside January 2007, coinciding with all the launch of the Astra SRi plus Twin Top convertible. Both releases came with a 2.2 litre petrol engine producing 110 kilowatts, accessible with all the six-speed guide or four-speed automatic.
MY07.5: inside April 2007 the Astra line-up received a facelift including tweaked front grille, lights about all models, fresh 16 inch alloy shape for CDX plus CDTi models, plus black tinted headlamps for sport variants. The 1.8 litre petrol engine additionally benefited from a force upgrade from 90 kilowatts with 103 kilowatts—an heighten of 11 %. The 2.2 litre machines obtainable in the SRi, plus Twin Top stayed the same, because did the 2.0L turbo inside the Astra SRi Turbo
MY08: changes from October 2007 saw the deletion of the five-door SRi, exiting just the SRi coupé, as well as the Twin Top with all the 2.2 litre engine.
MY08.5: minor, non-cosmetic update from May 2008 onwards. MY08.5 Astras received electronic stability control because standard fitment over the whole lineup. ESC was earlier limited with SRi plus CDTi variants. This series furthermore marked the return of the five-door SRi, though it was today standard with all the 1.8 because opposed with the 2.2 litre petrol engine earlier fitted. This engine change equally affected the coupé SRi variant, nevertheless not the Twin Top. The Astra wagon range was equally extended with include the diesel engine choice accessible absolutely found on the hatchback. Although just available with an automatic transmission, the diesel CDTi wagon marked the return of the Astra wagon with the New Zealand marketplace following its discontinuation following the TS series.
MY09: The CD plus CDX hatchback plus station wagon variants reverted with the black bezel projector-style headlamps.
CD: was the base model.
CDX: added 16 inch alloy wheels, cruise control, a trip computer plus six-stack CD player. Equipped with leather seats from MY08 forward.
CDXi: versions added eight-way power-adjustable front seats, climate control air conditioner plus curtain airbags. Discontinued following MY06.
CDTi: diesel-powered adaptation of the CDX.
SRi: was the sport model of the AH series Astra, loaded with leather seats, climate control plus 17 inch alloy wheels.
SRi Turbo: was the turbocharged variation of the above mentioned.
A hatchback is a auto body configuration with a back door which swings up with offer access with a cargo location. Hatchbacks might feature fold-down next row seating, where the interior is flexibly reconfigured with prioritize passenger vs. cargo amount. Hatchbacks will feature two- or three-box shape.
While early samples of the body configuration is traced with the 1930s, the Merriam-Webster dictionary dates the expression itself with 1970. The hatchback body design has been advertised worldwide about vehicles ranging inside size from superminis with little family vehicles, in addition to executive vehicles.

Hatchbacks can be described because three-door or five-door vehicles. A model range might include numerous designs, because with all the 2001–2007 Ford Focus that available sedan, wagon, plus 3 or five-door hatchback models. The models usually share a platform, drivetrain plus bodywork forward of the A-pillar. Hatchbacks might have a removable rigid parcel shelf, liftable with all the tailgate, or flexible roll-up tonneau cover to pay for the cargo room behind the back seats.